{"id":3872,"date":"2026-10-06T02:58:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T02:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/?p=3872---fa000760-eb30-4480-bda6-7db6b25053f9"},"modified":"2026-10-06T02:58:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T02:58:58","slug":"upgrading-machine-learning-infrastructure-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/upgrading-machine-learning-infrastructure-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"AiHello AutoPilot Machine Learning Upgrade. Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-group ah-reading-guide ah-compact-toc\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><style>\n.ah-reading-guide{max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;color:#26364a;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8;counter-reset:ah-section}.ah-reading-guide *{box-sizing:border-box}.ah-reading-guide p{margin:0 0 22px;line-height:1.8}.ah-reading-guide strong{color:#142d48}.ah-reading-guide h2{position:relative;margin:56px 0 24px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #dce7ef;font-size:29px;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-.4px;color:#142d48}.ah-reading-guide h2.ah-numbered{padding-left:54px;counter-increment:ah-section}.ah-reading-guide 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.ah-glossary-grid>.wp-block-group__inner-container>.wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container>.ah-glossary-entry{flex:1}@media(max-width:650px){.ah-reading-guide .ah-glossary-grid>.wp-block-group__inner-container{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.ah-reading-guide ol.ah-steps.ah-feature-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}@media(max-width:700px){.ah-reading-guide ol.ah-steps.ah-feature-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}<\/style><noscript><style>.ah-reading-guide [data-aos]{opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important;transform:none!important}<\/style><\/noscript><p class=\"ah-lead wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Upgrading <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Amazon-PPC-Automation-Software-AiHello-AutoPilot-300x169.jpeg\"  data-excerpt=\"AiHello AutoPilot: Your Amazon PPC automation solution. Optimize bids, harvest keywords, and hit target ACoS for Amazon sellers. Increase sales and save time effortlessly.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/what-is-aihello-autopilot\/\">AiHello AutoPilot<\/a> <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5770b06cdf39b-300x140.jpeg\"  data-excerpt=\"AiHello: Your AI e-commerce solution to automate Amazon &amp; eBay sales. Leverage machine learning for smart pricing, optimized keywords, and accurate sales forecasts.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/welcome\/\">Machine Learning<\/a> Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p><p>As a part of iterative process to improve the bid forecast process and help <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/amazon-sponsored-products-brands-guide-300x204.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Grow your brand on Amazon! Discover how Sponsored Brands help tell your unique story, boost visibility, and connect with shoppers through custom ads and product collections.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/complete-guide-to-sponsored-ads\/\">improve sales<\/a> while also reducing ad <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/selling-on-amazon-mexico-300x225.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Mexico&#039;s eCommerce boom presents huge opportunities for Amazon sellers. This guide explores the thriving Mexican online market, Amazon.mx&#039;s growth, and key considerations for successfully selling your products to millions of Mexican consumers. Learn how to navigate logistics, expand your reach, and capitalize on this expanding market.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/how-to-launch-an-amazon-mexico-business\/\">costs<\/a>, we will be experimenting with new algorithms that not only can be more accurate but it can also provide faster responses on sparse data. This will allow our software to start providing accurate forecasts with just few days of data as opposed to the current infrastructure where we need at least 60 days of data before it can make reasonable forecasts.<\/p><h2 id=\"introduction-of-data\" class=\"wp-block-heading ah-numbered\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_of_Data\"><\/span><strong>Introduction of Data<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Two data tables were used for this analysis: 1) <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/beat-competition-on-amazon-keyword-analysis-competitor-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Struggling to boost Amazon sales? Learn how Amazon PPC &amp; product targeting can help you dominate competition, increase visibility, and maximize profits.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/8-tips-on-how-to-beat-your-competitors-on-amazon-2026\/\">keyword<\/a> historical <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/boost-sales-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Unlock Amazon&#039;s Brand Referral Bonus! Discover how driving external traffic, especially from Google Ads, boosts your sales, increases organic reach, and earns rewards.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/boost-amazon-sales-using-google-ads\/\">sales<\/a> and bids. (primary table) and 2) user and campaign information (currency information). The keyword-report contains 7 million records containing cost, sales, impressions, clicks over days. After combining the campaign information, all costs and sales are converted into USD currency,<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic cleaning process is: <\/p><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-f3872-1\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1\" data-aos=\"fade\" data-aos-easing=\"ease\" data-aos-duration=\"500\" data-aos-once=\"true\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list ah-cards ah-stacked-cards\"><li>1) clean keyword text, <\/li><li>2) drop empty keyword text, <\/li><li>3) sum up sales, cost, click, impression for each keyword with the same <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/amazon_backend_keywords_harvest_keywords_how_many_keywords_per_ad_group_5441-300x199.jpeg\"  data-excerpt=\"Avoid common ad campaign mistakes! Keyword dumping, adding too many keywords to ad groups, hurts performance, wastes budget, and mixes strategies.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/please-dont-do-this-keyword-dumping\/\">match type<\/a> and campaign id on a single day, <\/li><li>4) remove records with 0 click (no method to calculate <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Pasted-into-Advertising-on-Amazon-Dos-and-Donts-2-300x151.png\"  data-excerpt=\"Dominate Amazon! Discover why advertising on Amazon (AMS) is essential for sellers. Boost product visibility &amp; sales with powerful Sponsored &amp; Display ad strategies.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/advertising-on-amazon-dos-and-donts\/\">CPC<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-f3872-2\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2\" data-aos=\"fade\" data-aos-easing=\"ease\" data-aos-duration=\"500\" data-aos-once=\"true\"><p class=\"ah-formula wp-block-paragraph\">After the basic cleaning, CPC is calculated by cost\/click;<br><a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/amazon-acos-calculator-roas-cvr-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Confused by PPC analytics? Learn the key differences between Amazon ACoS &amp; Google ROAS to optimize ad spend and boost sales.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/understanding-good-roas-and-acos-and-how-to-calculate-it\/\">ACOS<\/a> is calculated by cost\/sales (=20 if sales = 0);<br><a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/amazon-metrics-conversion-rate-click-through-cvr-ctr-acos-tacos-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Master Amazon PPC! Learn essential metrics like CVR &amp; ACoS to optimize your campaigns, boost sales, and improve profitability.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/the-most-important-amazon-ppc-metrics-that-you-should-track\/\">CTR<\/a> is calculated by clicks\/impressions, CR is calculated by unit\/clicks.<\/p><\/div><p> Then the distributions of the data are summarized in Fig. 2. As highlighted, the differences between min and max are huge, which will affect the performance of the model in the future, so the data are normalized before inputting into machine learning models.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" title=\"how to increase sales in amazon | what is amazon acos | how to source products for amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3873\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-768x426.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 1: Data Flow<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"252\" title=\"how to optimize an amazon listing amazon | what is amazon kdp? | how to increase sales on amazon seller central\" class=\"wp-image-3874\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-1-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-1-768x189.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 2: Summary of descriptive statistics of data<\/p><h2 id=\"eda-exploratory-data-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading ah-numbered\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EDA_Exploratory_data_analysis\"><\/span><strong>EDA (Exploratory data analysis)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 id=\"2-1-influences-from-match-types\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Influences_from_match_types\"><\/span><em>2.1 Influences from match types<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>There are three types of amazon ad match types: 1) broad (keyword is matched to a user\u2019s search term if all the <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/amazon_seo_strategy_amazon_seo_optimization_amazon_search_engine_optimization_5650-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Which SEO strategy is best for your business: Amazon or Google? Explore the distinct approaches to optimize for product searches vs. general queries and drive sales.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/google-seo-vs-amazon-seo-explained\/\">keywords<\/a> are present in it) , 2) exact (keyword is matched to user\u2019s <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/amazon-advertising-keyword-search-term-reports-harvesting-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Unlock Amazon Seller success with Amazon Brand Analytics&#039; Search Keywords report. Master finding top search terms to optimize listings and PPC for maximum visibility and sales.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/the-full-amazon-search-terms-report-guide\/\">search terms<\/a> if it is an exact match of the keyword), and 3) phrase (keyword is matched to a user\u2019s search term if the keywords are present in the same order). This section aims to figure out if the match type will influence the sales and cost. <\/p><p>As shown in Fig.3, the exact type has highest sales and clicks, and lowest ACOS (green line), which is better than the other two types. Then after counting the number of records in these three types (Fig. 4), most records are about the exact type, indicating that most people consider the exact better than the other two types as well.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"443\" title=\"how to boost your amazon ranking | how to buy on amazon marketplace | how to rank high on amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3875\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-2.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-2-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-2-768x332.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 3: Changes of sales, ACOS, CPC, and clicks over time in three match types<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"524\" title=\"what is amazon.sa mean | how do tariffs affect amazon | is amazon digital marketing\" class=\"wp-image-3876\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-3.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-3-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-3-768x393.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 4: Distribution of three match types<\/p><h3 id=\"2-2-influences-from-regions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Influences_from_regions\"><\/span><em>2.2 Influences from regions<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>The whole dataset covers the historical records in different regions such as Europe, United States, Canada, <em>etc<\/em>. Fig. 5 uses currency to represent curves in different regions. As shown, only USD has records from Jan. 2020 to Apr. 2021, records in other countries miss the early records. Also, the shoppers behavior in different regions are varied. For example, British (GBP represented by the purple curve) reached its peak sales in June 2020, and its curve is fluctuated in sales, ACOS, CPC, and clicks, which are quite different from others. <\/p><p>In this case, the region can be one of the features for the prediction model. (<em>This could be biased as our <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/download-5.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Unlock the secrets of cult brands: how they build fierce loyalty, create evangelists, and thrive through authentic storytelling and unique experiences.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/the-long-road-to-become-a-cult-brand\/\">marketing<\/a> efforts varied by region and the data fluctuation can potentially reflect it<\/em>)<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"420\" title=\"what are amazon ads | how to use amazon advertising platform | how to deal with fake negative reviews on amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3877\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-4.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-4-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-4-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 5: Changes of sales, ACOS, CPC, and clicks over time in 10 regions.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"521\" title=\"what is amazon acos | what does lightning deal mean on amazon | what distinguishes sponsored brands ads from sponsored products ads?\" class=\"wp-image-3878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-5.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-5-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-5-768x391.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/strong><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 6: Distribution of ten regions<\/p><h3 id=\"2-3-cpc-evaluation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_CPC_evaluation\"><\/span><em>2.3 CPC evaluation<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>As the <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/beat-competition-on-amazon-keyword-analysis-competitor-300x200.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Struggling to boost Amazon sales? Learn how Amazon PPC &amp; product targeting can help you dominate competition, increase visibility, and maximize profits.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/8-tips-on-how-to-beat-your-competitors-on-amazon-2026\/\">target<\/a> is to predict the future CPC, it\u2019s essential to evaluate the time series data CPC as well. Based on the region evaluation, the records in USD currency have the longest history, so we decided to use USD CPC as the target in this section. Fig. 7 represents the min, max, mean, and mode CPC over the time. The left top corner pic shows a scatter with pretty high CPC (raw zinc at CPC = 110). <\/p><p>The value isn\u2019t reliable, so this record is removed, and then get the new pic as shown at the left bottom corner. However, even after removing the bias, curves for min, mode, and mean are almost overlapped and far away from the max curve. It indicates the distribution of the USD CPC is actually a positive skew. This might lead to some problems for the prediction and potential time series modelling. <\/p><p>In this case, we tried to log CPC two times and filter out outliers to check if it helps improve the performance of models.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"429\" title=\"do i need a company to sell on amazon germany | what does the abbreviation ctr mean | how to optimize amazon ppc campaigns\" class=\"wp-image-3879\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-6.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-6-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-6-768x322.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 7: Evaluation of CPC over the time<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"347\" title=\"how to access amazon dsp without minimum spend | what are the best tools for tracking amazon layoffs? | where is the product detail page on amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3880\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-7.png 438w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-7-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"364\" title=\"how to reduce fba fees | what does amazon marketplace mean | how to increase conversion rate on amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3881\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-8.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-8.png 389w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-8-300x281.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(a)<\/td><td>(b)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 8: Distribution of CPC (a) before two times log, and (b) after two times log<\/p><h2 id=\"machine-learning-models\" class=\"wp-block-heading ah-numbered\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Machine_Learning_Models\"><\/span><strong>Machine Learning Models<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 id=\"3-1-models\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Models\"><\/span><em>3.1 Models<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Linear regression, random forest, CNN, lasso regression, gradient boost, XGBoost, and LightGBM are selected to predict the future CPC. The input and output are summarized in Fig. 9. The normalized cost, sales, acos, ctr, cr, and averaged values of these parameters are the input; CPC is the output. Both standard and robust scalars are tried to determine which one is better for the models.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"356\" title=\"where will a customer be directed after clicking on a product featured in a sponsored brands ad? | where to buy products to sell on amazon | how to find competitors adwords keywords\" class=\"wp-image-3882\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-9.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-9-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-9-768x267.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 9: Input and output of the models<\/p><h3 id=\"3-2-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Results\"><\/span><em>3.2 Results<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Fig. 10 summarizes the results generated by different machine learning models with standard scaler or robust scaler. In general, the models with standard scaling have lower RMSE, MSE, and MAE, so the standard scaler performs better than the robust scaler. When comparing standard scaler and twice log transformation, MAE is further reduced by transferring positive skew into normal distribution.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-f3872-3\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3\" data-aos=\"fade\" data-aos-easing=\"ease\" data-aos-duration=\"500\" data-aos-once=\"true\"><p class=\"ah-callout wp-block-paragraph\">When comparing between different models, random forest performs best among the all.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" title=\"can you make money with amazon | how to become amazon seller in india | how to file a reimbursement claim on amazon\" class=\"wp-image-3883\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-10.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-10.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-10-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-10-768x514.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/em><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" title=\"what is a9 algorithm | what does sponsored mean on amazon | what is acos in marketing\" class=\"wp-image-3884\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-11.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-11.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-11-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-11-768x524.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-element-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Fig. 10 Results of different machine learning models<\/p><p>Then we evaluated the worst and best cases of random forest with a standard scaler. As shown in Fig. 11, the model cannot predict high value CPCs pretty well, but it can predict low value CPCs accurately. It might be due to the positive skewness of CPCs. In addition, since the CPCs with higher than 10 values aren\u2019t reliable (in most cases CPCs are lower than 10), our next step is to filter out these high CPCs and retrain the models to check the results.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"does amazon ship to mexico | how to win buy box on amazon | how much is amazon advertising minimm\" class=\"wp-image-3885\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-12.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-12.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-12-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/word-image-12-768x263.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This concludes step 1 of our ML infrastructure upgrade.<\/p><h2 id=\"key-take-aways\" class=\"wp-block-heading ah-numbered\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_take_aways\"><\/span>Key take aways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-container gspb_container gspb_container-gsbp-f3872-4\" id=\"gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4\" data-aos=\"fade\" data-aos-easing=\"ease\" data-aos-duration=\"500\" data-aos-once=\"true\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list ah-cards ah-stacked-cards\"><li>1) Its better to focus on Exact keywords as they are generate higher revenues for slightly more expensive CPC<\/li><li>2) Simpler algorithms (Random Forest Regressor) can be more efficient and accurate as compared to Neural Networks and <a  data-ilj-link-preview=\"true\"  data-featured-image=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/18297-1-300x116.jpg\"  data-excerpt=\"Predict grocery sales using Multivariate Time Series Forecasting. This article explores LSTNet, combining RNN and CNN for accurate e-commerce sales prediction.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/blog\/multivariate-time-series-forecasting-using-deep-neural-networks\/\">Deep Learning<\/a> (CNN)<\/li><li>3) Adding time component might change in favor or Neural Networks especially LSTM<\/li><\/ul><\/div><h2 id=\"overview-of-aihello-autopilot-amazon-ppc-automation\" class=\"wp-block-heading ah-numbered\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_AiHello_AutoPilot_Amazon_PPC_Automation\"><\/span>Overview of AiHello AutoPilot: Amazon PPC Automation:-<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div style=\"position:relative;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16\/9\"><iframe style=\"position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BThUXd5Ywic\" title=\"Overview of AiHello AutoPilot: Amazon PPC Automation:-\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>https:\/\/youtu.be\/BThUXd5Ywic<\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Upgrading AiHello&#8217;s ML infrastructure boosts sales &#038; cuts ad costs. New algorithms provide faster, more accurate bid forecasts from less data.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":".gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1,.gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2,.gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3,.gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4{flex-direction:column;box-sizing:border-box}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1.gspb_container>p:last-of-type,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2.gspb_container>p:last-of-type,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3.gspb_container>p:last-of-type,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4.gspb_container>p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1.gspb_container.aos-animate,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1.gspb_container[data-gs-aos],#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2.gspb_container.aos-animate,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2.gspb_container[data-gs-aos],#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3.gspb_container.aos-animate,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3.gspb_container[data-gs-aos],#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4.gspb_container.aos-animate,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4.gspb_container[data-gs-aos]{opacity:1;transform:translateZ(0)}#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-1.gspb_container,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-2.gspb_container,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-3.gspb_container,#gspb_container-id-gsbp-f3872-4.gspb_container{position:relative;transition-duration:.5s;transition-timing-function:var(--gs-root-animation-easing, cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1));opacity:var(--gs-root-animation-opacity, 0);transition-property:opacity,transform,filter;box-sizing:border-box}","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,971,89,620,906,103,182],"tags":[608,1083,701,1082,168,225,1081],"republish_tag":[],"class_list":["post-3872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advertising","category-aihello-autopilot","category-amazon","category-amazon-ppc-advertising","category-amazon-seller-tips","category-machine-learning","category-product-updates","tag-aihello-autopilot","tag-aihello-autopilot-machine-learning","tag-aihello-product-update","tag-amazon-cpc-prediction","tag-amazon-ppc-automation","tag-bid-optimization","tag-machine-learning-advertising"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14205,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3872\/revisions\/14205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3872"},{"taxonomy":"republish_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aihello.com\/resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/republish_tag?post=3872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}